高考英语短文改错考点归纳·缺词考点

缺一介词

　　① 有些动词后有时有介词，有时没有介词，可能混淆而缺一介词。如：attend a meeting, 但 attend ∧(to) the patient; prepare breakfast, 但 prepare∧ (for) the exam; join us, 但 join∧(in) a game.

　　② 表语形容词通常具有动词意义，很可能误以为是动词而漏掉介词。如：be afraid ∧(of) nothing, be present ∧(at) the meeting, be sure ∧(about) it。

　　③ except, instead of, from, since, till, until 后面可跟另一介词词组充当介词宾语，可能会漏掉第 2 个介词。如：He came on foot instead of ∧ (by) bike. big bear ran out from ∧ (behind) a tree.

　　④ hundreds, thousands 等后面可能漏掉 of。类似的还有millions ∧ (of), dozens ∧ (of), scores ∧ (of)

　　缺一连词

　　① 汉语常用意合法，分句与分句之间往往不用连词，但英语里不行。如：

　　It began to rain, ∧ (and) they had to stop the match. (如果中间用分号可不用连词)

　　It was late, ∧ (so) we went home.

　　You like sports, ∧ (while) I’d rather read.

　　He looked for the key, ∧ (but) didn’t find it.

　　② 受汉语影响，并列动词词组之间可能缺一个and。如：

　　She smiled ∧ (and) said good-bye to her father.

　　③ 名词性从句 that分句置于句首或作同位语时不可缺少连词。如：

　　∧ (That) she is beautiful is known to us all.

　　We heard the news ∧ (that) our team had won.

　　④ even 后可能缺少 if 或 though。如：

　　He walks as ∧ (if 或 though) he were drunk.

　　缺一代词

　　① 充当定语从句主语的关系代词不能缺少。如：

　　The accident ∧ (that) happened yesterday was very serious.

　　② 英语中用来替代前面的“the 名词”的 that(单数)和 those(复数)，在汉语中往往很可能漏掉。如：

　　The population of China is much larger than ∧ (that) of Japan.

　　These shirts are expensive, but∧ (those) which we saw the other day were even more expensive.

　　缺一助动词或连系动词 be

　　① 表语不是名词时，可能缺少连系动词 be，因为汉语在这种情况下不用“是”。如：

　　He ∧ (is) afraid of his father.

　　The match ∧ (is) over.

　　② 被动语态中缺少助动词 be，成了主动语态。如：

　　He has ∧ (been) asked to sing in English.

　　③ 完成体中缺少助动词 have，成了一般过去时。如：

　　We realized that we ∧ (had) lost our way.

　　They ∧ (have) lived here since 1980.

　　④ 在倒装句中缺少助动词或情态动词。如：

　　Hardly ∧ (had) I reached the bus stop when the bus started.

　　Seldom ∧ (do) I get invited into the office alone.

　　Only in this way ∧ (can) you learn English well.

　　缺一冠词

　　① 在 such 或 so 形容词与单数可数名词连用时，不可缺 a (an)。如：

　　He is such ∧ (an) honest boy that all of us like him.

　　This is so good ∧ (a) book that I read it again.

　　② 表示“有些”时，little, few前面不可缺少 a。如：

　　Don’t hurry. There is ∧ (a) little time left.

　　③ many 前有 great, good 时，要加 a。如：∧(a) great many people.若 many 后接单数名词，中间须有 a (an)。如：Many ∧ (a) man has tried it before.

　　④ 一些不可数名词前，有形容词修饰表示“一种(场)等”时，要加 a (an)。如：

　　It’s ∧ (a) famous Chinese tea.

　　There was∧ (a) heavy rain last night.

　　⑤ 用专有名词表示“一个像(叫)……的人”时，用 a (an), 如：

　　He wished to be ∧ (a) Lei Feng.

　　∧ (A) Mr Wang called you up just now.

　　⑥“形容词比较级 of the two…”前必须用 the。如：

　　He is ∧ (the) better one of the two.

　　缺小品词 to

　　① 不定式充当各种成分，一般都不能缺少 to。如：

　　She went there ∧ (to) see her mother.

　　He asked me not ∧ (to) go there.

　　I have something important ∧ (to) tell you.

　　② make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch 等动词变成被动语态时，充当主语补足语的不定式前的 to需还原。如：

　　She was made ∧ (to) do heavy work.

　　The blind man was seen ∧ (to) cross the street.