高考英语语法:使用独立主格结构的五点注意
1. 独立主格与状语从句的转换
当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时,可用独立主格结构取代状语从句,但不再保留连词。如:
After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后,学生很快离开了课室。
2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形
在下列两种情况下,独立主格结构中的being(或having been)不能省略。如:
(1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如:
It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天,我们去了做礼拜。
(2) 在There being+名词的结构中。如:
There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车,所以我们不得不步行回家。
3. 通常不用物主代词或冠词
在“名词(或代词)+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中,一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如:
Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先生走进了课室,手里拿着一本书。
比较with的复合结构。如:Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.
4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式
The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了,我们开始开会。
比较动名词复合结构。如:
The chief-editor’s arriving made us very surprised.
5. 独立主格的进态问题
独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时,可用完成时,表示该动作发生在谓语之前。如:
The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.听众坐好后,音乐会开始了。
Tom having been late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.由于汤姆一再迟到,他的老板非常失望。