高考英语：讲究阅读策略识破庐山真面目2

请阅读下面的例文：
　　Everywhere, you will always find “the white-haired boy”, sometimes called “the fair-haired boy”. He gets special treatment, as if he were above everyone else. You will find him in school, in college, at home, or where you work.
　　In school, he is the teacher’s darling who can do nothing wrong. Sometimes she lets him do little jobs for her. He comes to class in the morning, all shiny and clean. He is always raising his hand, ready with an answer to the teacher’s questions. And he knows all the answers. He gets in you hair, especially if you are at the bottom of the class and the teacher you are stupid. How you hate him!
　　At college, he walks——more often stride——across the school grounds as if he owned them. Sometimes he wears a colorful football or basketball shirt or sweater, with a bright red, or green or yellow college letter proudly worn on the front of it. What broad shoulders and what muscles he has! He makes the girls happy by just smiling at them. He has the mark of success on him.
　　At home, “the fair-haired boy” is mother’s choice, her favorite. Sometimes, he is the oldest son——at times, the youngest. If you are in between, you are out of luck.
　　Then, you discover that there are others who share your feeling, and are ready to “let their hair down”——to tell you their private thoughts. One of them asks, “Why does he have all that I haven’t got?” You ask yourself the same question.
　　　　Finally, there comes a day when you decide to stop hating him. Is it perhaps became he has been made the boss and you find yourself working for him?
　　1、From the passage we can know “the white-haired boy” is _______________.
　　A、a boy whose hair is white B、a pet that does nothing wrong
　　C、a child who is his mother’s favorite child
　　D、a person who is lucky all the time
　　2、“He gets in your hair” (in Paragraph 2) means “ ”
　　A、he plays tricks on you
　　B、he does up your hair
　　C、he makes you a little angry
　　D、he cuts your hair too short
　　3、Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
　　A、The middle son is considered the unluckiest at home.
　　B、The top student at college is the white-haired boy.
　　C、Wearing colorful clothes can make you attractive.
　　D、The teacher in school treats her students unfairly.
　　4、In the author’s opinion, you finally stop hating the “white-haired boy” because __________。
　　A、you have no choice but to face the fact
　　B、you decide to try your best to be better than him
　　C、you have been made the boss by him
　　D、you are beginning to admire him
　　同学们在阅读本文时要利用一些阅读的技巧，如：
　　1) 确认，分辨
　　确认就是要将有关的词句、指称看准确，切勿张冠李戴，要行意结合，通过句式结构和语言意义正确把握语篇内容，同时对一句话或一个段落要进行分辨，看讲的是一个意思还是几个意思，是属于一个层面还是属于几个层面，并具有深层的含义，切勿囫囵吞枣。本文理解的关键就是第一题的the fair-haired boy.
　　2) 预期，印证
　　在阅读中对上下文应有预期的能力，根据语篇的信息线索，主动地预期下文情节的发展，作者思路的走向。要把握好这种thread of thought(思维主线)，还可以借助段落、纲领或主题句以及一些具体信息。还可以通过语篇的承接语，如however, yet, though等，以及句子功能的标识语(indicator)等，还可以根据自己的前经验、知识及上下文对当时所读的书面信息或预期作出印证。
　　3) 联系，推断
　　由于每一个语篇都是有主题的，而且是有序关联的。因此在阅读时一定要注意前后联系，上下关系，同时也要做到表里联系———通过表层语言推断出深层含义，内外联系———借助外围背景知识推断理解书面信息。这种宏观阅读能提高读者的联想能力和理解能力。
　　4) 语域，语境
　　每一个语篇都是有语域的，也就是说语篇所表达的环境定位、人物之间的关系、语篇的性质等。语境指语篇中的各种语言环境因素，其中包括上下文、言语语气、暗示等内容。了解语域和语境对于准确理解语篇起着非常关键的作用。因此，要学会利用语域和语境。而且是善于运用于阅读之中，如例文的第2题，注意语境especially if you are at the bottom of the class and the teacher you are stupid. How you hate him!
　　5) 归纳，总结
　　以上阅读理解的基本要素不是互为孤立的，而是有机结合、互相渗透的。学生在平时的阅读中要有意识地进行自我训练，利用综合信息，善于得出结论，例文的话题是比较容易归纳和总结的，即：the white-hair boy is always lucky and fortunate, 如例文的第4题。