高考必背英语词汇讲座 D

1、damage, harm, hurt, injure, spoil
乍看这几个词，觉得意思都差不多。它们都有“损害，伤害，破坏”的意思。其实，它们之间还是有不同的。damage: “毁坏，损坏”，主要指造成价值，效用，完整性方面的损坏。例如：
Mr. Smith, I wonder if we could arrange a talk about the damaged cargo sometime.史密斯先生，我们能不能安排个时间商谈破损货物的问题。
The water they had thrown over everything to put out the fire damaged the books.为了灭火，他们把水往一切东西上泼，把书也损坏了。
harm: “损害，伤害”，词义具体，强调带来损失，病痛或痛苦。Though he knows clearly that smoking harms his health, he simply cannot give it up.虽然他很清楚吸烟对身体有害，但他就是戒不了。
hurt: “疼痛，伤害”，尤其指感情或身体遭受创伤。Nothing hurts more than a bad tooth, so he had to go to the dentist to have it pulled out.没有比牙齿坏了更疼痛的了，所以他不得不找牙医拔掉那颗坏牙。My little boy fell off a ladder and hurt himself.我的儿子从楼梯上摔了下来，把自己摔伤了。
injure: “伤害，损害”，一般常指不公正地对待或冤屈某人，即有意识地侵害别人的权利或毁坏别人的健康、成就等，也可以指外表、健康、安逸等遭受破坏。The gas polluted the surroundings and injured the health of workers and residents of the area.这种气体污染环境，损害工人和该地区居民的健康。