09年高考英语语法精要讲解二十：现在完成时

.1、开始于过去并将持续到现在的动作，常与下列词连用：for…, since…, recently, lately, so far, all this year, up till now, etc.
　　I’ve planted 14 trees so far this morning.
　　---How are you today?
　　---Oh, I as ill as I do now for a long time.
　　A. didn’t feel
　　B. don’t feel
　　C. wasn’t feeling
　　D. haven’t felt
　　(D) (NMET 2000)
　　2、在过去某个不确定的时间发生的动作，但与现在有某种联系，因为我们所关心的是“现在”还存在着“过去”发生某事的结果，常和下列词连用：ever（问句或肯定句)，already(肯定句), never(否定句),yet(问句或否定句),before
　　--- my glasses?
　　---Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
　　A. Do you see
　　B. Had you seen
　　C. Would you see
　　D. Have you seen
　　(NMET86) (D)
　　eg. 1)--Have you passed your test ?
　　--Yes.
　　--When did you pass it?
　　--(I passed it) Last week.
　　2) —Have you passed your test?
　　--Not yet.
　　--When will you pass it?
　　-- Next week.
　　对比：Have you seen this film? （曾经经过）
　　Did you see this film ? （某特定时间）
　　3、可表示反复性或习惯性，常与often, three times 等词连用
　　I’ve watched him on TV several times.
　　4、终止性动词可用完成时，但不能和for, how long 等时间词连用，此时常用替换词
　　This film has begun
　　How long has this film been on?
　　begin borrow come die be on keep be here be dead
　　join buy leave
　　be in have be away
　　5、其它和现在完成时连用的词:just, in (within) the past (last) 时间段；
　　对比：He has just fallen downstairs.
　　He fell downstairs just now.
　　6、特殊结构
　　①This is the first (most / only ) n. that-clause
　　This is the best film I have ever seen.
　　②It’s 时间段 since-clause (从句用过去时）
　　It’s two years since he died.
　　He has been dead for two years.
　　He died two years ago.
　　7、现在完成时与现在完成进行时
　　现在完成进行时强调动作延续到未来或仍在进行.
　　I’ve written an article. （已完成）
　　I’ve been writing an article. （还在写）