英语的五种基本句型结构：
主语 不及物动词 (SV)
主语 连系动词 (SVC)
主语 及物动词 宾语 (SVO)
主语 及物动词 间接宾语 直接宾语(SVOD)
主语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补足语(SVOC)
1. S V
He works. He is studying.
① 主语 ＋ 谓语(vi.) ＋ 状语(从句)
The sun sets in the west. He went nowhere
② 主语 ＋ 谓语(vi.) ＋ 名词短语
We had come a long way. He waited (for) two years.
2. S V C
He is a student / in yellow / there…
① 主语 be 表语 表语由下列词充当：名词、形容词、副词、介词（短语）、动词不定式、分词（短语）、动名词、从句等
② 主语 其它连系动词 表语 这些连系动词包括：appear, continue, feel, go(变成), keep, lie(处于…状态), look, prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, become, come, fall, get, grow, turn
Bob lay sick.
His dream comes true.
3. S V O
An idea struck me.
① 主语 ＋ 谓语(v. prep) ＋ 宾语
It depends on the weather. 备用词：act as, agree on / with / to,
arrive in (at), come across, base on, break into, suffer from, lead to,
prefer to, think of, fire at, reach for, quarrel about, worry about
② 主语 ＋ 谓语(v. adv.) ＋ 宾语
I thought over the plan. I thought it over.
备用词：bring out (up), think out, turn off (on , out, down), give in
NOTICE: ● v adv. prep.
get along with, add up to, do away with,
break away with, keep up with, go ahead with, go through with
● v. n. prep make use of, make fun of, catch sight of,
take care of, take the place of, take a look at, take pride in
③ 主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 介词 ＋ 宾语
The teacher punished him for being late.
Congratulate him on his success.
Compare this with that.
4. S V O D (间接宾语由代词和名词充当)
① 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
Will you lend me your pen, please ?
She bought him many toys.
② 主语 谓语 直接宾语 介词 代词或名词
Will you lend your pen to me, please ?
She bought many toys for him.
备用词：pay, give, hand, sell, pass, offer, explain, sing, leave
5. S V O C 宾语和宾补之间的关系有两种：● 主表关系；
主谓关系。宾语可由形容词、副词、介词、动词不定式充当
主表：① I find the book interesting. (主谓宾＋形容词)
② I saw him there. (主谓宾＋副词)
③ I found the book on the desk. (主谓宾＋介词)
④ We elected him monitor. (主谓宾＋名词)
主谓：①They saw the thief running away. (主谓宾 现在分词）
②Where did you see him knocked down? (主谓宾＋过分词)
③ What makes you think so ? (主谓宾＋动词不定式)
09年高考英语语法精要讲解十二：基本句型
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