基础英语词汇辨析集锦

1.sound, voice, noise
sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.
2. exercise, exercises, practice
exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习
take exercise 做运动
3. work, job
二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job，What interesting work it is!
4. cook, cooker
cook厨师，cooker厨具 He is a good cook.
5. police, policeman
police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.
6. problem, question
problem常和困难联系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问联系，多和ask, answer连用
7. price, prize
price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low.
8. a number of, the number of
a number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.
9. in front of, in the front of
in front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面 A boy sits in the front of the room.
10. next year, the next year
next year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语
He said he would go abroad the next year.
11. in bed, on the bed
in bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.
12. the people, a people
the people指人，a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.
13. it, one
it同一物体，one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.
14. that, this
that指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的 I was ill. That's why…
15. none, nothing, no one
none强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人
--- How many…/How much…? --- None.
16. anyone, any one
anyone指人，不能接of，any one指人/物均可，可接of, any one of you
17. who, what
who指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.
18. what, which
what的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择
Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?
19. other, another
other后接名词复数，another后接名词单数 other students, another student
20. many, much, a lot of
many和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句 I haven't many books.
21. much more…than, many more…than
much more…than后接形容词或不可数名词，many more…than后接可数名词 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful
22. no, not
no=not a/any, no friend=not a/any friend, no water=not any water
23. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself
by oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用的
24. at all, after all
at all根本，全然, after all到底，毕竟 After all he is a child.
25. tall, high
tall常指人或动物，high常指物体 He is tall.
26. fast, quickly
fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly
27. high, highly
high具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的 think highly of（高度赞扬）
28. sleeping, asleep, sleepy
sleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的
a sleeping baby， The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.
29. real, true
real真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合 real gold, a true story
30. pleasant, pleased, pleasing
pleasant常用作定语，pleased常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，a pleasant trip，be pleased with…对…感到满意/开心
31. ill, sick
ill做表语，sick定语、表语均可 a sick boy, He is sick/ill.
32. good, well
good形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again.
33. hard, hardly
hard努力，hardly几乎不 work hard, I can hardly believe it.
34. excited, exciting
excited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的 I'm excited. The news is exciting.
35. before long, long before
before long不久以后，long before很久以前
36. happy, glad
happy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语 a happy girl, I’m happy/ glad to see you.
37. instead, instead of
instead是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of是介词短语，放在句中
He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.
38. too much, much too
too much 后接不可数名词，much too后接形容词 much too heavy
39. raise, rise
raise及物动词，rise不及物动词 The sun rises in the east. Raise your hand, please.
40. bring, take, carry, fetch
bring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作 fetch a box of chalk
41. spend, take, pay, cost
spend人做主语，花钱，花时间; spend…on sth./(in) doing sth; take物做主语，花时间; It takes sb some time to do sth.; pay人做主语，花钱，pay for; cost物做主语，花钱;sth cost some money
42. join, join in, take part in
join加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；join in参加小型的活动, join sb. in；
take part in 参加大型的活动 He joined the army five years ago.
43. learn, study
learn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究
study the problem
44. want, hope, wish
want打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望（通常可以实现），hope to do/ hope that… wish希望（通常不能实现）wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. n. I wish you success.
45. answer, reply
answer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接 to, reply to the letter
46. leave, leave for
leave离开，leave for前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai.
47. drop, fall
drop及物\不及物均可，fall不及物动词 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.
48. win, lose, beat
win后接sth.，反义词为lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them
49. live on, live by
live on以…为主食，live by靠…谋生 live on fish/ live by fishing
50. catch a cold, have a cold
catch a cold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用，而have a cold可以
She has had a cold for a week.
51. change for, change into
change for调换成，change into变成 Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.
52. go for a doctor, go to a doctor
go for a doctor去请医生，go to a doctor去看病
53. arrive, get, reach
arrive不及物动词，后接in (大地点)，at(小地点)，get不及物动词后接to，reach及物动词
arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing
54. agree with, agree to,
agree with同意某人，agree to同意某事， agree with you, agree to the plan, agree to do sth
55. receive, accept
receive收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept接受 I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.
56. wear, put on, dress
wear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时，dress接人,be dressed in, put on表动作
It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.
57. listen, hear
listen强调动作，hear强调结果 I listened, but I heard nothing.
58. look, see, watch
look看的动作，see看的结果，watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watch TV
59. lie, lay
lie躺，位于(lay, lain),说谎(lied, lied)，lay平放(laid, laid) lay the book
60. turn, get, grow
turn表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get强调变的结果，grow强调过程，逐渐的变化
turn yellow, get tired, grow big
61. close, shut, turn off
close和shut当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体，turn off用于指有开关的物体
Close/Shut the door. Turn off the TV.
62. at, in (表地点)　　
at小地点，in大地点 arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai
63. day after day, day by day
day after day日复一日（无变化）；day by day一天天地（有变化）Trees grow taller day by day.
64. after, in (表时间) 　　
after接时间点，in接时间段,用于将来时 after 7:00, in five minutes
65. between, among
between两者之间，三者或三者以上两两之间, among三者或三者以上之间
Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.
66. through, across　　
through穿越空间，across在…上穿过 through the forest, across the desert
67. above, on, over　　
above在上面，不接触，on在上面，接触，over在正上方 fly over the hill
68. until, not…until
until到…为止， not…until直到…才（常跟点动词连用）I waited until 3:00.
He didn't come until 3:00.
69. besides, except
besides除了…还（包括在内）except除了（不包括在内），
70. because, because of
because连词，连接两句话，because of后接词或短语
He didn't go to school because of his illness.
71. for example, such as
for example一般只列举一个，such as列举多个例子
I have been to a lot of American cities, such as New York, Atlanta and Chicago.
72. All right. That's all right. That's right.
All right好吧；That's all right.没关系；That's right. 那是对的 ---Sorry. --- That's all right.
73. such…that, so…that
当如此…以至于解时，such…that修饰名词，so…that修饰形容词或副词，
但名词前面如果有many, much, little, few修饰用so…that，不用such that
so many people that… such a lovely boy=so lovely a boy
74. Shall I…? Will you…?　　
Shall I…? 征求对方意见或向对方请示，意为我能…吗？
Will you…?请求或建议对方做某事，意为你愿意…吗？
Will you help me? Yes, I will.