第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出选项。
A
When John Milton, writer of“Paradise Lost”, entered Cambridge University, in 1625, he was already skilled in Latin after seven years of studying it as his second language at St. Paul’s School, London. Like all English boys who prepared for college in grammar schools, he had learned not only to read Latin but also to speak and write it smoothly and correctly. His pronunciation of Latin was English, however, and seemed to have sounded strange to his friends when he later visited Italy.
Schoolboys gained their skill in Latin in a bitter way. They kept in mind the rules to make learning by heart easier. They first made a word -for -word translation and then an idiomatic translation into English. As they increased their skill, they translated their English back into Latin without referring to the book and then compared their translation with the original. The schoolmaster was always at hand to encourage them. All schoolmasters believed Latin should be beaten in.
After several years of study, the boys began to write compositions in imitation of the Latin writers they read. And as they began to read Latin poems, they began to write poems in Latin. Because Milton was already a poet at ten, his poems were much better than those painfully put together by the other boys. During the seven years Milton spent at university, he made regular use of his command of Latin. He wrote some excellent Latin poems, which he published among his works in 1645.
56．What does the passage mainly tell about?
A. How John Milton wrote“ Paradise Lost”.
B. How John Milton studied Latin.
C. How John Milton became famous.
D. How John Milton became a poet.
57．Which of the following is true of John Milton’s pronunciation of Latin?
A. It has a strong Italian accent.
B. It has an uncommon accent.
C. It was natural and easy to understand.
D. It was bad and difficult to understand.
58．It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A. Milton’s training in Latin was similar to that of the other boys
B. Milton hadn’t learned any foreign language except Latin before going to college
C. Milton’s Italian friends helped him with Latin when talking
D. Milton's classmates learned Latin harder but worse than Milton
59．Which of the following is suggested in the passage?
A. The schoolmaster mainly helped those who were bad at Latin.
B. The schoolmaster usually stood beside the schoolboys with a stick in his hand.
C. The schoolboys could repeat Latin grammar rules from memory.
D. Some of the schoolboys were quick at writing compositions in Latin.
60．What is the meaning of the underlined part“ Latin should be beaten in”that the writer wishes you to understand?
A. Schoolboys should be punished if they were lazy to learn Latin.
B. Schoolboys should be encouraged if they had difficulty in learning Latin.
C. Schoolboys were expected to master Latin in a short time.
D. Schoolboys had to study Latin in a hard way.
B
There are two factors which determine an individual’s （个人）intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So that second factor is what happens to the individual - the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped（制约）environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died , and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well - to - do parents who bad been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated（刺激）intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's IQ was 125, twenty- five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.
61．The passage can be titled________.
A. Measturing Your Intelligence
B. Iutelligence and Environment
C. The Case of Peter and Mark
D. How the brain influences Intelligence
62．The best statement of the main idea of the passage is that________.
A. human brains differ considerably
B. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence
C. environment is more important in determining a person’s intelligence
D. identical brains will have the same intelligence
63．According to the passage, the average IQ is ________.
A. 85 B. 100 C. 110 D. 125
64．This passage suggests that an individual’s IQ ________.
A. can be predicted at birth
B. stays the same throughout his life
C. can be increased by education
D. is determined by his childhood
C
For some time past, it has been widely accepted that babies and other creature - learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”, and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early time, had to be directly connected to such basic physiological“drives”as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except success in sight.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to“reward”the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements , such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response（回答） with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement“ turned on” some lights - and indeed that they were able to learn some more turns to bring about this result, for example, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light experiment was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the light closely although they would“ smile and speak” when the light was on. Papousek concluded that it was not the sight of the lights which pleased them. It was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and then there is a basic human nature to make sense of the world and bring it under control.
65．According to the writer, babies learn to do things that ________.
A. will satisfy their surprise
B. will meet their physical needs
C. are directly connected to pleasure
D. will bring them a feeling of success
66．Paponsek noticed in his studies that a baby would ________.
A. make learned responses when it saw the milk
B. continue the simple movements without being given milk
C. turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink
D. carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
67．In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ________.
A. be praised B. please their parents
C. be rewarded with milk D. have the lights turned on
68．The babies would“ smile and speak”at the lights because________.
A. they succeeded in “turning on” the lights
B. the sight of lights was interesting
C. they need not turn back to watch the lights
D. the lights were directly connected to some basic“ drives”
D
When I asked my daughter which item she would keep: the phone, the car, the cooker, the computer, the TV, or her boyfriend, she said the phone . Personally, I could do without the phone entirely, which makes me unusual Because the telephone is changing our lives more than any other piece of technology.
Point 1: The telephone creates the need to communicate, in the same way that more roads create more traffic. My daughter comes home from school at 4∶00 pm and then spends an hour on the phone talking to the very people she has been at school with all day. If the phone did not exist, would she have anything to talk about?
Point 2: The mobile phone means that we are never alone.“The mobile saved my life, ” says Crystal Johnstone. She had an accident in her Volvo on the A45 between Otley and Skipton. Trapped inside, she managed to make the call that brought the ambulance to her rescue.
Point 3: The mobile removes our secret. It allows Marketing Manager of Haba Deutsch, Carl Nicolaisen, to ring his sales staff all round the world at any time of day to ask where they are, where they are going, and how their last meeting went.
Point 4: The telephone separates us. Antonella Bramante in Rome says, “ We worked in separate offices but I could see him through the window. It was easy to get his number. We were so near - but we didn’t meet for the first two weeks !”
Point 5 : The telephone allows us to reach out beyond our own lives. Today we can talk to several complete strangers simultaneously on chat lines（at least my daughter does. I wouldn't know what to talk about）. We can talk across the world. We can even talk to astronauts （ if you know any） while they’re space walking. And, with the phone line hooked up to the computer, we can access the Internet, the biggest library on earth.
69．How do you understand“ Point l: The telephone creates the need to communicate, …” ?
A. The telephone creates more traffic.
B. People communicate because of the creating of the telephone.
C. People communicate more since the telephone has been created.
D. People communicate more because of more traffic.
70．Which of the following best shows people’s attitude towards mobile phones?
A. Mobile phones are useful when you have an accident.
B. Mobile phones bring convenience to people.
C. Mobile phones can help people go across the world.
D. Mobile phone number is easy to get.
71．The underlined word“ simultaneously” most probably means ________.
A. in a friendly way B. in an easy way
C. at the same time D. through computers
E
Jakarta - About 20 bombs exploded outside churches in Jakarta and five other Indonesian cities and towns , killing at least 14 people and injuring 47, said Nations Police Chief Gen Suroyo Bimantoro on Sunday.
Sunday’s attacks follow a rise in Muslim extremism（穆斯林极主义） throughout the country. The heaviest violence has been in the Maluku islands in Indonesia’s east, where about 5, 000 people of both Christian and Muslim beliefs have been killed over the past two years. Indonesia is the world’s largest Muslim country with 90 percent of its 210 million people , followers of Islam.
Christians make up less that 10 percent of Indonesia’s 210 million people. Many are from the Chinese minority, which had been attacked by Muslim groups during the past civil unrest.
Sunday's bombings were the latest in a series to rock the capital. The worst this year came in September, when a car bomb and the following fire killed 15 people in a parking lot at Jakarta's Stock Exchange. In August, two people were killed when a car bomb blew up outside the Philippine ambassador’s（大使）home.
The police made arrests after those attacks and several smaller explosions, but have brought no formal charges. Most of the arrested have been set free.
（From China Daily, December 25, 2000）
72．We can infer from the passage that________.
A. the Chinese minority was regarded as the enemies of the Indonesians
B. there is much violence in the country because of people’s different beliefs
C. Muslim extremists try to control the Christians
D. Sunday’s bombings were the heaviest violence over the past two years
73．According to the news report ________.
A. more than 5, 000 Christian people have been killed in the past two years in Indonesia
B. the society in Indonesia used to be unrest long ago
C. about 30 were killed this year in violence in Indonesia not including those in Maluku
D. the police caught some people after Sunday’s attacks and then set all of them free again
74．The fourteen people died in bombings ________ on Sunday.
A. in several cities and towns in Indonesia
B. in the city of Jarkarta
C. in the Maluku island in Indonesia’s east
D. outside churches in Jarkarta
75．The word“ charge” in the last paragraph most probably means________.
A. statement that a person has broken a law
B. sudden and violent attack at high speed
C. price asked for goods or service
D. forms given to prisoners