谈高考英语书面表达谈高考英语书面表达1

新颁布的普通高中《英语课程标准（实验稿）》明确指出，写作的目的是通过对学生激活灵感、激发兴趣、整理思路、组织素材、规划结构、谴词造句等基本写作技能的培养，使他们能表达事实、观点、情感、想象力、交流信息，培养规范的写作习惯……。与以往的《英语教学大纲》中规定的能在日常生活中，写简单的书信和通知，书写格式和行文，以及词语无严重错误的要求相比，新课程标准规定的写作要求提高了一个新的层次，更加突出了对某篇布局、谴词造句、情感表达的要求。本文根据高考英语对写作的新要求，谈谈获得高分的高考英语书面表达的五大特性。
一、条理性
条理性是指要合理布局文章结构，首先，在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面要有条理性。例如：题目要求写一篇叙述文，可以按照事情发展的先后顺序来写;若介绍某一场所，可按照空间顺序来安排行文顺序；若是一篇议论文，就应该按照所议论观点的顺序来安排结构。全文应首尾呼应，前后相联。其次，根据需要安排好段落、各段之间要层次分明，每一段落的开头和结尾也要重视，开头语往往是起始句，结尾往往是总结句。
例如：2001年高考英语书面表达范文：
Dear Dick,
How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China. In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I don't know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time. I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums and taking computer lessons. In the eveningsI can watch news on TV or read newspapers. What's more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.
Best wishes!
Yours
Li Hua
二、准确性
准确性是指要求写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等，但是不少考生由于受汉语思维习惯的影响，在写作时不自觉地产生不规范的表达。要做到准确、地道地表达文章，首先要牢记掌握一些常用句型和习惯表达方式，避免中文式英语，在实践中不断总结英汉表达差异，培养用英语思维写作的习惯。试体会下面句子在汉英表达上的差异。
（1）我在报纸上看到一则消息。
错误表达：I saw an news on newspaper.
修改：I learnt (read) a piece of news from the newspaper.
（2）现在我详细给你介绍一下屋子的情况。
不规范表达：Now I will introduce the room to you carefully.
修改：Now Let me give you a detailed description of the room .(NMET03范文)
（3）工人们热烈欢迎我们参观农场。
错误表达：The workers welcomed us to visit the farm.
修改：The farm workers gave us a warm welcome.
(NMET98) 其次，要多读多背，在精读中汲取营养，对于好的表达方式要背诵下来，适时用于写作训练中。其中，英语中的一些常识性语句就是非常典型的背诵材料。如：
写通知时，开头语：Attention, please/May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.
结尾语：Don’t forget the date and the address/ I’m sure you’ll have a lot of fun/That’s all. Thank you.
在写参观欢迎词时，开头语：Welcome to our city/school/farm/ Now let me tell you something about our city/school/farm.
结尾语：I’m sure you’ll have a good/wonderful time/That’s all. Thank you.
写书信时，开头语：I’m glad to hear from you/ How nice to hear from you again/I’m writing to tell you something about…/How are you getting along with your studies/work? /I really don’t know how to tank you for your…
结尾语：Please give my best regards to…. /I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon/Remember me to your parents.
正确牢记这些惯用语，无疑可以增添句子表达的准确性，减少不必要的错误，从而提高书面表达的档次。
三、流畅性
流畅性是指根据文章表达的需要，语句之间采用不同的连接手段，以使文章层次清晰，行文连贯。关联词语就是常用的连接手段之一。
1.表示平行、对等或选择关系 and, both…and, as well as, neither…nor, also, not only…but also
2.表示转折关系but, yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, although, though, otherwise, while, instead
3.表示对比关系on the contrary, instead of, on the other hand, just like, unlike
4.表示因果关系so, for, therefore, as a result, because, owing to, due to, thanks to, on account of
5.表示时间、顺序关系shortly after, first, second, then, next, finally, for one thing, for another thing, in the end, eventually
6.表示递进、强调关系besides, furthermore, what’s more, in addition, moreover, worse still, to make things worse, above all
7.表示解释、说明关系namely, actually, such as, for example (instance), that is to say, in other words, and so on, to tell you the truth, according to this
8.表示结论in short, in brief, in a word, in general, as you know, as far as I know, on the whole
这些关联词的恰当使用无疑会使全文过渡自然，令读者对后续的句子产生心理的期待和准备，增强句子间的逻辑性和紧凑性。本文前面所举的2001年高考英语书面表达范文，就恰当地使用了许多关联词语（见范文划线部分）。