Ⅱ、常见时态的特殊用法
一、一般现在时表将来
[例11] —What are you going to do this afternoon? (重庆2005NMET)
—I’m going to the cinema with some friends. The film____quite early, so we ____to the bookstore after that.
A. finished; are going
B. finished; go
C. finishes; are going
D. finishes; go
答案C。按时间表、既定安排将要发生的动作用一般现在时表将来；事先计划将要干某个动作，用be going to do。
[备考启示]一般现在时用于主句中可表示按计划或既定日程将要发生的某个动作，谓语动词常为位置移动动词。这种计划比较客观，不易更改，且较现在进行时表将来正式。
二、一般过去时表现在
[例12] How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden! （上海春2002NMET）
A. has B. had
C. will have D. had had
答案B。此题考查虚拟语气的用法。与现在相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时。
[备考启示] 一般过去时表现在用于表示与现在相反的假设，尤用于It’s time… 、I wish… 和 I’d rather…从句中或表示婉转语气，常用动词为want \wonder\ hope\ think等。
三、将来时表计划或安排
[例13] —_____leave at the end of this month.
—I don’t think you should do that until _____another job. (北京2006NMET)
A. I’m going to; you’d found
B. I’m going to; you’ve found
C. I’ll; you’ll find
D. I’ll; you’d find
答案B。我打算月末离开，be going to用以表示安排。工作确定以后再离开，故两个动作存在明显先后顺序，使用完成时。
[备考启示]除一般现在时和现在进行时可用于表示按计划、安排就要发生的动作外，be going to以及be to亦有此种用法。在正式语体中常用be to，常见于be about to do…when…结构之中，亦可用于状语从句中表将来；也可表注定、应该，还可表命令、禁止和宣布决定等。而be going to还可表某种迹象暗示就要发生的动作。
[例14] In a room above the store, where a party____, some workers were busily seating the table.(湖南2006NMET)
A. was to be held B. has been held
C. will be held D. is being held
答案A。此处be to do表计划、安排；主语为受动对象，故选用被动语态。
四、现在进行时
1.表将来
[例15] — Are you still busy?
—Yes, I ______my work, and it won’t take long. (浙江2005NMET)
A. just finish
B. am just finishing
C. have just finished
D. am just going to finish
答案B。工作马上就好，finish为动态动词，用进行时表即将完成的动作。
[备考启示]现在进行时可表按照现在计划、安排近期内即将发生的动作，描写生动，值得期待；谓语动词多为go\come\leave\start等位置移动动词。也可带有其他情态意义，有时含“决心”，常用于否定句中。例：I am not talking with her again. (=I won’t talk with her again.)
类似地，过去进行时也可表过去将来即将发生的动作。
2.用于描写
[例16] Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _____to ask how I am going to spend the money. (湖南2005NMET)
A. phone B. will phone
C. were phoning D. are phoning
答案D。问我如何花这笔钱的电话一直响个不停，描述现阶段一直在进行的动作同时也暗示说话者不满。
[备考启示]现在进行时用于描写一种状态，显得生动，表示一种强烈感情色彩，常与频度副词always\continually等连用，多半表示说话者不满、厌烦等。而一般现在时则侧重于叙述事实，感情色彩较淡