高考英语复习:句式叠加及分解有法可依1

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高中英语覆盖了全部的英语句式结构,这其中有简单句、并列句、复合句等结构句式,也有倒装句、强调句和省略句等特殊句式。在平时的阅读和练习时,我们读到、练到了许多相对比较容易辨别的“单式”结构,如:
  The most important idea behind the kind of party planning described here is that it brings parents and children closer together.

  这是一个名词从句,其语句结构是:

  The…idea… is that it brings parents

  主语 系动词

  and children…together

  名词从句做表语

  再如:

  Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, , of course , made the others envy him.

  A. who B. that C. what D. which

  答案为D。which引导非限定定语从句,代指前面说的事情。

  但我们还读到和练到了将多种句式叠加在一起的很多句子,这些句子出现了较难辨别的“复式”结构,同学们会感到句子很复杂,有时候不知道句子在说什么。由于不能很快捕捉出句子结构信息,导致在阅读理解和答题时不知所措,如:

  Decision thinking is not unlike poker — it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.

  不到30个词的一个句子,涵盖了前面的一个简单句和后面的复合句(名词从句做宾语),而且是句子套从句,从句里又套从句。

  又如:

  The place ___ the bridge is supposed to be built should be____the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.

  A. which; where

  B. at which; which

  C. at which; where

  D. which; in which

  答案为C。整个句子结构为:

  The place ( 定语从句)should be 名词从句。

  第一个空为at which引导定语从句,修饰the place,第二个空为where引导名词从句做表语。

  在阅读和单项选择中,快速辨别句子结构,分解出叠加进去的不同的句式,要首先具备最基础的简单句和句子成分的知识;在此基础上,将复合句结构对应到句子中,其中定语从句是修饰语,相当于形容词;名词从句是句子成分,相当于某一个名词做成分;状语从句主要是要学会辨别从属连词。对于特殊句式,如倒装句、强调句和省略句等,要熟悉其结构和判断方法。如果做到上面的要求,那么,分解复杂句也就易如反掌了。

  下面分析几个典型的题目,从中可以掌握分解复杂句子的方法。

  例1 Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped.

  A. what; when B. that; which

  C. what; which D. which; that

  答案为A。第一个空为what连接的名词从句做表语,“学校再也不是二十年前的样子了”;第二个空为when引导非限定定语从句,指代“二十年前”。

  例2 I just wonder ____ that makes him so excited.

  A. why it does B. what he does

  C. how it is D. what it is

  答案为D。看到题干和题项中的“it is…that…”,可以在试选择时,先考虑本句是否叠加了强调句结构。去掉“it is…that…”后,题目就变成了:

  I just wonder ____ makes him so excited.

  这样就一目了然看到了应当选择“what”,引导名词从句做宾语。

  例3 It was only on the way back home that _____ he was cheated by the girl.

  A.he realized B.did he realize

  C.he was realizing D.realized he

  答案为A。题干中出现的“it is…that…”,说明有一个强调句;如果不是叠加在强调句中,以only on the way back home置于句首,应当使用倒装结构,即:

  Only on the way back home did he realize he was cheated by the girl.

  但由于“did he realize he was cheated by the girl.”这部分在强调句that之后,属于从句的位置,因此,不能使用疑问语序,故改为陈述结构,选择A。

  例4 ——Where did you get to know her?

  ——It was on the farm _________ we worked.

  A.that B.there

  C.which D.where

  答案为D。本题极易误选为A。本题中it不是强调结构没有任何意义的“it”,而是代指地点的“it”,它有含义。“你在哪里认识她的?”“是在(我们工作的)农场。”where为关系副词引导定语从句,修饰farm。

  高考试题常常采用强调句和倒装以及复合句的句式叠加来设空置项,考查同学们的句式结构能力,在平时的训练中,要加强语句特别是复杂句式的辨别和分析,从而在考试时回答此类问题能够得心应手。

  下面的5个题目供同学们做简单的训练。

  1.David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _____ he chose the course.

  A. that B. what

  C. why D. how

  2.It was not until she got home _______ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.

  A. when B. that

  C. where D. before

  3.It is not who is right but what is right ______ is of importance.

  A. which B. it

  C. that D. this
4.It is what you do rather than what you say ____ matters.

  A. that B. what

  C. which D. this

  5._____ electricity plays such an important part in our daily life?

  A.why is it B.why is it that

  C.why does it D.why was it

  参考答案

  1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B


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