E
Four people in England back in 1953, stared at Photo 51,It wasn’t much—a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed –the shape of DNA The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.
Her name was Rosalind Franklin.”She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden.” If her photos hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure.” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors
At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Click tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA’s parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King’s College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule(分子). The rays produced patterns reflection the shape.
But Wilkins and Franklin’s relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick, Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant .But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.
What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return, “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to to go or be put in her place.”
As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin, Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklin was only two steps away from the solution.”
No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA . She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.
57. What is the text mainly about?
A. The disagreements among DNA researchers.
B. The unfair treatment of Franklin.
C. The process of discovering DNA.
D. The race between two teams of scientists.
58. Watson was angry with Franklin because she .
A. took the lead in the competition B. kept her results from him
C. proved some of his findings wrong D. shared her data with other scientists
59. Why is Franklin described as “Dark Lady of DNA”?
A. She developed pictures in dark labs.
B. She discovered the black X-the shape of DNA.
C. Her name was forgotten after her death.
D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.
60. What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?
A. Disapproving. B. Respectful. C. Admiring. D. Doubtful.
第二节:Bryan、Olga、Scott、Anna、和David正在进行一项“企业家成功秘诀调查”。他们将采访几位企业家,第61-65题是他们拟定的采访话题。阅读下面刊登在Entrepreneur (《企业家》)杂志上6位企业家的成功感言(A、B、C、D、E和F),为每位采访者选定采访对象,并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。
61. Bryan: What comes first, the customer or the profit?
62. Olga: How important is an entrepreneur’s ambition to his/her company’ growth?
63. Scott: How does an entrepreneur make use of his/her advantages?
64. Anna: Why do successful entrepreneurs seem to enjoy their work?
65. David: What attitude should an entrepreneur have toward his/her social responsibilities?
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英 语
非选择题部分(共40分)
注意事项:
用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题卷上。
第三部分:写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节:短文改错(共10小题; 每小题一分,满分10分)
下面短文中有10处语法错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从11处起)不计分。
例如:
It was very nice to get your invitation to spend ∧ weekend with you. Luckily
The
I was/are completely free then, so I’ll to say “yes”. I’ll arrive in Bristol at around 8 p.m. in/on Friday evening
One rainy day while I was walking home with one of my friend, a truck came to a stop besides us. The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella because he found we were wet through. I stood there and couldn’t believe in that a complete stranger is so thoughtful. The man insisted, so I grateful accepted the offer, thanked him and watched the truck disappear down the road. This man might need the umbrella himself, and he preferred to give it to everyone else. It was a lesson to us that it possible give without expect anything in return.
第二节:书面表达(满分30分)
5月1日。高二(3)班的学生志愿者Li Yue和Zhang Hua去阳光敬老院(Sunshine
Nursing Home)开展志愿者活动(送水果、打扫、聊天等)。假如你是校英语报的记者,请按下列要点用英语写一则100~120个词的新闻报道。
1. 时间、地点、人物、活动;
2. 老人们的反应;
3. 简短评论。
4. 注意:报道的标题和记者姓名已给出(不计词数)。
Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly
By Chen Jie, School Newspaper
参考答案:
第一部分
第一节(10分,每小题0.5分)
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B
8. D 9. D 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. D 14. B
15. C 16. C 17. D 18. D 19. D 20. A
第二节(20分,每小题1分)
21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C
28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A
35. B 36. D 37.C 38. B 39. C 40. A
第二部分(50分,每小题2分)
41. A 42. B 43. C 44. C 45. B 46. B 47. C
48. D 49. C 50. D 51. C 52. B 53. B 54. C
55. A 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. A 61. E
62. A 63. F 64. D 65. B
第三部分
第一节(10分,每小题1分)
One rainy day while I was walking home with one of my friend, a truck came to
friends
a stop besides us. The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella
beside an
because he found we were wet through. I stood there and couldn’t believe in that a complete stranger is so thoughtful. The man insisted, so I grateful accepted
was gratefully
the offer, thanked him and watched the truck disappear down the road. This man
might need the umbrella himself, and he preferred to give it to everyone
but Someone/somebody
else. It was a lesson to us that it was possible ∧ give without expect anything
to expecting
in return.
第二节(30分)
Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly
On May Day, Li Yue and Zhang Hua, students from Class Three, Grade Two, went to Sunshine Nursing Home and did some voluntary work. Upon their arrival, Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warmly welcomed, and respectfully, they presented the elderly with flowers and fruits. Then, they started working at once, cleaning the windows and sweeping the floor. Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people.
When it was time for the volunteers to leave, the elderly people thanked them for their kindness. They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever.
Li Yue and Zhang Hua were very happy. What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives.
By Chen Jie, School Newspaper
2009年普通高校招生统一英语考试试题卷(浙江卷)4
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