失分归纳
短文改错是英语高考中主观性试题的重要组成部分和必考题型，同时也是同学们感到困难、得分较低的一种综合性题型。短文改错对同学们的要求较高，是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查，因此同学们在该项上往往失分较多。
1. 语法知识掌握不牢固。改错题的大部分知识点都在语法上，如果语法知识掌握不牢固，改错题想得高分基本不容易。
2. 不了解设题原则。改错题的设置和解答都是必须遵循一定原则的，有的同学由于对这些原则了解不是很清楚，从而在改错时出现一个词改成了两个词，把名词改成了介词或者改变了句子原意等错误。
3. 脱离语境，没有联系上下文。由于短文改错一般是以“行”为单位而设置错误，因此有的同学常常只顾“行”，而忽略了对整句的理解。这就使得一些基础不扎实、英语能力不强的同学受到分行的影响，而不能将上下文联系起来看问题，从而闯不过人为设置的解题障碍。
4. 忽视了行文逻辑。有些同学由于基础不扎实或粗心大意，忽视对句意的理解，或者对句意模棱两可，从而导致前后逻辑混乱而失分。
应对策略
1. 了解设错规律，熟悉语法答题。从历年短文改错试题来看，对词类的错误考查是一个重点。所以同学们要特别注意短文改错题错误设置的隐性规律，那就是虚词以设置增减词试题居多；实词以设置改变形式的试题居多。对句子结构的考查，是短文改错中的另外一个重点。每年的短文改错试题都会涉及句子，特别是句型的考查。所以在平时，同学们要分清主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语和状语等6种基本句子成分及其用法。
2. 遵循改错原则，牢记解题规范。根据高考英语考试说明，高考英语短文改错题错误的改正必须遵循两个原则：①尽可能少改动，即改正错误时只能在一行中增加一词、减少一词或改动一词。如果不了解或不重视这一原则，必然会造成改对但不得分的遗憾现象。②尽可能维持原意。一些短文改错的试题乍一看好像不止一种改法，实际上根据“限度维持原意”的原则却只有一种正确改法。
3. 把握分行技巧，提高语境得分。为检测根据语境逻辑发现并改正错误的能力，短文改错题常设置有语境题。对这样的命题特点，同学们要引起特别的重视，在平时练习时学会不要以“行”为单位，而要以句，有时候甚至以段为单位通读、分析上下文，从而在语境中发现错误并改正错误。
4. 利用母语翻译，巧解语义试题。短文改错是考查同学们根据语境、逻辑改正语言错误的试题，因此同学们必须有较强的语境分析能力，然而绝大多数同学都没有用英语进行思维的习惯。因此他们不把目光放在理解语境上，而放在试题文字上，试图找到明显的语言错误。不否认这么做也能解出部分试题，但却无法解出语境试题。针对这种情况，同学们应学会用母语翻译法分析语境从而发现并改正错误。
除此之外，每年都还有不少同学大小写意识淡薄，书写单词不规范，造成不必要失分。解题时应注意大小写，答好后应复查大小写，这样才能保住解题成果，避免意外失分。
金题精练
一
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we had in 1. _________
the afternoon of last Friday about the good and bad side2. _______
of setting firecrackers during the Spring Festival. 50 boy and 3. _________
40 girl students attended to the discussion. As a result, 30% of 4. ____________
them believe that setting off firecrackers certainly add pleasure 5. _______________
and joy to the festival, therefore, it was a wonderful tradition.6. ________________
But another 50% of students think that setting off firecrackers7. ________________
causes air or noise pollution, and what’s worse, it sometimes 8. __________________
causes terribly accidents to us and to our property. The other 20% 9. ___________
has never thought about it or don’t care. 10. ____________
二
Ｎｏｗａｄａｙｓ, ｓｏｍｅ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｎｏｔ ｌｉｋｅ ｔｏ ｌｉｖｅ ｉｎ ａ ｄｏｒｍ（宿舍）.１. _______
Instead, they rented houses outside the school. There are 2. ____________
advantages for all. Living in a dorm can increase friendship and 3. _______
cooperation among classmates, but of course it is safer. A dorm 4. ________
is more like a society, where enables students to learn to get along with 5. __________
the each other, thus preparing for the social life later. As for renting 6. ____________
houses to live alone, it’s better for study as you can feel freely in7. _____________
your own room without interrupted by others. As a result, you 8. ____________
can have more time and devote yourself to study wholeheartedly. 9. ___________
But there may appear a few safety problem as you live outside the school.10. ___________
Anyhow as a student, I prefer living in a dorm.
三
Mr. Huang is sixty years old. He has retired. He taught our 1. _________
Chemistry when we were in Senior Grade One. He was old, and2. _____________
he taught very well. He tried his best to make his classes live. Mr. 3. ________
Huang usually made good preparation for the lessons and was 4. __________
strict with us too. Each time we made mistakes in our homework， 5. __________
he would ask us to correct them. At time, I was rather poor in 6. _________
chemistry. Mr. Huang often helps me with my study very 7. __________
Patiently. As his help, I made great progress and caught 8. _______________
up with the class. He wasn’t always very kind to every student. As 9. ____________
an experiencing teacher, he was respected and loved by all 10. ___________
the students.
参考答案
（一）
1. in改为on；2. side改为sides；3. setting之后加off；
4. 去掉to；5. add改为adds；6. was改为is；
7. 正确；8. or改为and；9. terribly改为terrible；
10. has改为have
（二）
1. 正确；2. rented改为rent；3. all改为both；
4. but改为and；5. where改为which；6. 去掉each other前面的the；
7. freely改为free；8. without后加being；9. study改为studying；
10. problem改为problems；
（三）
1. our改为us；2. and改为but；3. live改为lively；
4. preparation改为preparations；5. 正确；6. At 后加one；
7. helps改为helped；8. As改为With；9. wasn’t改为was；
10. experiencing改为experienced