高考语法课堂:现在完成时VS现在完成进行时b

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(4)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复,现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如:

Have you been meeting her lately?(a)

Have you met her lately?(b)

(a)句有“经常相会”之意,(b)句则没有。(b)句如与often,every day等时间状语连用,当然也表示动作在重复。

(5)现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有什么感情色彩可言。如:

What have you been doing?(a)

What have you done?(b)

(a)句表示惊异。(b)句只是一个问题。

Have you been waiting long?(a)

Have you waited long?(b)

(a)句较(b)句生动。又,(a)句比较口语化。

I have been wanting to meet you for long.(a)

I have long wanted to meet you.(b)

(a)句比(b)句更亲切,更有礼貌。

Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly.(a)

Recently Mary has done her work regularly.(b)

(a)句显然是在表扬玛丽。(b)只说明一个事实。

下面还有一例,颇为有趣:

Who's been eating my apples?(a)

Who's eaten my apples?(b)

(a)句有强烈的感情色彩,表示愤怒不满,(b)句只是希望回答的一个问题。又,(a)句兼有进行时态,所以有“苹果未被全部吃光”的意思,(b)句是完成时态,说明“苹果一个不剩了”。

(6)在否定结构中,现在完成时所否定的是谓语动词,现在完成进行时所否定的是状语。如:

He hasn't been speaking since three o'clock.(a)

He hasn't spoken since three o'clock.(b)

(a)句中所否定的不是has been speaking,而是 since three o'clock,其结构等于He has been speaking not since three o'clock but since half past three.这是因为现在完成进行时本身是没有否定结构的原故。(b)句用的是现在完成时,而现在完成时是有否定结构的,所以(b)句中所否定的自然是has spoken,意即“从三点起他一直沉默不语,未发一言”。


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