【考点分析】
冠词
1.不定冠词a/an表示个别或泛指的用法; 定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法; 2.考查冠词在固定搭配中的用法 ，包括零冠词(即不用冠词)表示泛指及其习惯搭配用法 ;
3.考查不定冠词在具体化抽象名词前的用法 ;
4.考查冠词在比较级前的用法 ;
5.考查冠词在其他特殊结构中的用法 ;
6.考查用不用冠词意义大不相同的短语 。
【知识点归纳】
(一)冠词
冠词分为不定冠词(a, an)，定冠词(the)，和零冠词。
I.不定冠词的用法
1.指一类人或事，相当于a kind of
A plane is a machine that can fly.
2.第一次提及某人某物，非特指
A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。
3.表示“每一”相当于every，one
We study eight hours a day.
4.表示“相同”相当于the same
We are nearly of an age.
5.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事
—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.
A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one
That boy is rather a Lei Feng.(活雷锋)
6.用于固定词组中
a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time
7.用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后
This room is rather a big one.
8.用于so(as, too, how) 形容词之后
She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
9.用于抽象名词具体化的名词前
success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化) 成功的人或事
a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事
a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的东西
a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识
10.与序数词连用，表示“又一，再一”。
In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.
为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。
II.定冠词的用法
1.表示某一类人或物
In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.
A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the
2.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前
the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean
3.表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事
Would you mind opening the door?
4.用于演奏乐器
play the violin, play the guitar
5.用于形容词和分词前表示一类人
the reach, the living, the wounded
6.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”(对比上文的不定冠词用法5)
—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?
—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.
A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /
7.用于序数词和形容词副词比较级级前
He is the taller of the two children.
8.用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前
the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
9.用于表示发明物的单数名词前
The compass was invented in China.
10.在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代
in the 1990’s(二十世纪九十年代)
11.用于表示度量单位的名词前
I hired the car by the hour.
12.用于方位名词，身体部位名词
He patted me on the shoulder.
13.与比较级和级连用
①比较级 and 比较级"表示"越来越……
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
②表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。
who is the older of the tow boys?
③三者或三者以上相比，表示程度时，用“the 级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
III.不用冠词(又名零冠词)的情况
1.专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前
Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air
2.名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制
I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?
3.季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前
March, Sunday, National Day, spring
4.表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前
Lincoln was made President of America.
5.表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前
He likes playing football/chess.
6.与by连用表示交通方式的名词前
We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent.
A. the; the B.不填;the C. the; 不填 D. 不填;不填
7.以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时
husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
8.表示泛指的复数名词前
Horses are useful animals.
2011年高考英语考点专题讲练：冠词
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